Grammar Schools, moving education away from the Church

                       Short introd to
                   Education in England



Grammar Schools, moving education away from the Church
Henry and his son, Edward VI

Cambridge and Oxford universities taking no particular interest in mathematics, but until very recently this was the case.  Schools had existed in England for many hundreds of years, but they were almost exclusively provided by religious bodies ....




It was not until 1540, when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries and friaries, that the way was paved for different types of schools.  

Henry and his son, Edward VI, established new types of schools: Grammar Schools, moving education away from the Church
and into the hands of the State and wealthy merchants, trade guilds and philanthropists, who all continued the movement, opening new Grammar Schools for centuries



Yet these schools paid almost no attention to mathematics...

 instead focusing on a humanist education.  The study of mathematics in England remained one of pupilage, with a network of mathematical practitioners providing tutoring to those who could afford it...

Grammar Schools ignored the subject...

Only seventeenth century that real change started to be seen.  Driven by their need to fill increasing demand for seaman who could navigate, many of these schools began to introduce mathematics beyond the basic arithmetic that had been taught to date...

But it was not until much later, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, that mathematics would become more widespread.  Many continental countries had been making advances in their education system and became the envy of influential merchants, professionals and the emerging industrialists.  Although considerable pressure was beginning to be put on politicians to act, the government retained its stance of not wanting to interfere with education, preferring to leave schooling to other, established organisations and associations...
In 1811, The Church of England used this position to establish the National Society, an umbrella for the schools in its care, much to the umbrage of the nonconformists, who later set up their own organisation, the British and Foreign School Society...

The 1830s also saw the establishment of the first teacher training colleges, moving the system away from one where the norm had been for pupils to progress to becoming teachers through experience alone. 

 In 1842, the first teacher training college specifically for women was opened

1824 public schools operated across England, of which only 69% taught any arithmetic, 0.8% Euclid...
 
And private schools, with 33% teaching arithmetic, 1.2% Euclid...

 In the small proportion of schools where arithmetic was taught, it was completely inadequate in almost all cases...

                   So The Truth is this:


Henry and his son, Edward VI, established new types of schools: Grammar Schools, moving education away from the Church
into the hands of the State and wealthy merchants, trade guilds and philanthropists, who all continued the movement, opening new Grammar Schools for centuries...




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